Visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system

ABSTRACT

A visualization system is provided for permitting a driver of a vehicle to observe a 180 degree rearward view of his or her vehicle and surroundings. The visualization system can include a display device which provides a 180 degree substantially rearward view. The 180 degree substantially rearward view can be seamless and/or undistorted. The display device can be positioned within the vehicle in front of the driver. The display device can be mounted on the inside surface of a windshield of the vehicle. At least a portion of the display device can be positioned above the eyes of the driver of the vehicle when the driver is seated in the driver&#39;s seat of the vehicle.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/852,320, filed Mar. 15, 2013, theentire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein inits entirety. Any and all priority claims identified in the ApplicationData Sheet, or any corrections thereto, are hereby incorporated byreference under 37 CFR 1.57.

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to any reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as itappears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent files orrecords, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to devices, systems, and methods forproviding navigational aid to a driver of a vehicle (e.g., automobiles,farming equipment, industrial equipment, aircraft, trains, recreationalvehicles, buses, semi-trailer trucks, construction equipment,motorcycles, bicycles, watercraft, golf carts, and/or other motorized ornon-motorized vehicles).

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Since 1911, rear view mirrors have been fitted to motor vehicles. Rearview mirrors are traditionally planar and provide only a limitedrearward view. Side mirrors have also been used on vehicles tosupplement the rearward view provided by the rear view mirrors. However,drivers must divert their eyes from the roadway in front of them to usethe side mirrors.

SUMMARY

The devices and systems of the present disclosure desirably can providea 180-degree-rear-view. In some embodiments, the devices and systems ofthe present disclosure provide a seamless 180-degree-rear-view. The180-degree-rear-view can be combined with a 180-degree-forward-view toform a 360-degree-field-of-view for the driver of a vehicle. The devicesand systems of the present disclosure can provide a driver of a vehiclewith a full view of the surroundings of his or her vehicle and caneliminate blind spots from the view of the driver.

The 180-degree full rearward field-of-view displayed in an embodiment ofa mirror of the present disclosure teaches a field-of-view common to thedriver's seamless 180-degree full forward field-of-view. In someembodiments, the mirror's view desirably automatically extends into thearea of the driver's vision in the driver's forward field-of-view whichnaturally duplicates the same scene in the driver's forwardfield-of-view, which enables the driver to see the same vehicle with thenaked eye and through the mirror at the same time, such that the driversees the vehicle in his forward field-of-view. A signature image mayresult whereby the driver sees the vehicle as it passes, e.g., thedriver sees the vehicle in the side windows before the vehicle leavesthe rear window, and in the driver's peripheral-vision-line before thevehicle leaves the side windows of the driver's vehicle through themirror by positioning with direction, and not by distancing.

Accordingly, the driver is desirably able to precisely track andpinpoint the position and direction of the driver's vehicle and theposition and direction of each and every other moving vehicle around thedriver's vehicle in order to visually maintain and adjust a driver'svehicle position and direction properly and safely relative to thepositions and directions of moving vehicles surrounding the driver'svehicle without judging distance for safe driving.

The present disclosure provides a method of creating a 360 degree fullawareness driving environment for a driver of a vehicle. The method caninclude displaying a 180 degree rearward view (e.g., a seamless view) infront of the driver at an interior of a driver's vehicle. In someembodiments, the method includes blending the seamless 180 degreerearward view with a seamless 180 degree forward view of the driver toform a seamless 360 degree full awareness driving view that can teach afield-of-view common with respect to the driver. The method can includedetermining an orientation, location, and position (e.g., withdirection) of the driver's vehicle from the driver's perspective inrelation with (e.g., in relation with the location and position withdirection of) one or more moving vehicles surrounding the driver'svehicle.

In some embodiments, a visualization system for a vehicle includes adisplay device attached to a portion of the vehicle in front of a driverviewing position. The display device can have a width. In someembodiments, the display device has a height less than a height of thewindscreen of the vehicle. The display device can have a display portionfacing the driver viewing position. In some cases, from the driverviewing position, the display device displays an at least 180°substantially rearward view. In some cases, the at least 180°substantially rearward view of the environment rearward of the displaydevice overlaps an at least 180° forward view from the driver viewingposition.

In some cases, the visualization system includes an image capturingdevice attached to a portion of the vehicle, the image capturing deviceconfigured to capture a 180° seamless view of an environment rearward ofthe display device. In some embodiments, the image capturing device isconnected to the display device. In some cases, the image capturingdevice is a camera. In some embodiments, the display device is a convexmirror. In some instances, the rearward view is seamless. In someembodiments, the rearward view is undistorted. In some cases, the atleast 180° substantially rearward view is perpendicular to a centerlineof the vehicle. In some embodiments, the display device is attached tothe windscreen of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, from the driver viewing position, the displaydevice is configured to display at least one driving lane on a left sideof the vehicle and at least one driving lane on a right side of thevehicle. In some cases, from the driver viewing position, the displaydevice is configured to display at least two driving lanes on the leftside of the vehicle behind the display and at least two driving lanes onthe right side of the vehicle behind the display. In some embodiments,from the driver viewing position, the display device is configured todisplay a position and a direction of travel of vehicles behind andadjacent to the vehicle to which the display device is attached. In someembodiments, it is safe for the driver to move the driver's vehicle intoa target position in an adjacent lane when no other vehicle is shown inthe display, from the driver viewing position, to be positioned in or tobe entering into the target position in the adjacent lane. In somecases, from the driver viewing position, the display device displays: aright rearward view defined between a right edge of a rear window of thevehicle as displayed in the display device and a viewing directionrightward of and lateral to the display device; a left rearward viewdefined between a left edge of a rear window of the vehicle as displayedin the display device and a viewing direction leftward of and lateral tothe display device; and a rearward driving perspective view between theleft rearward view and the right rearward view.

According to some variants, a visualization system for a vehicle caninclude a convex mirror attached to a portion of the vehicle in front ofa driver viewing position. The convex mirror can have a width. In someembodiments, the convex mirror has a height less than a height of thewindscreen of the vehicle. In some cases, the convex mirror has areflective surface facing the driver viewing position. The reflectivesurface can display an at least 180° view of an environmentsubstantially rearward of the display device from the driver viewingposition.

In some instances, the view is seamless. In some cases, the view isundistorted. In some embodiments, the convex mirror has a constantradius of curvature. In some cases, the convex mirror is mounted to aninterior of the windscreen of the vehicle. In some embodiments, theconvex mirror is mounted above the driver viewing position.

According to some variants, a visualization system for a vehicleincludes a display device inside of the vehicle. The display device canhave a width. In some instances, the display device has a height lessthan a height of the windscreen of the vehicle. The display device canhave a display portion facing a driver viewing position.

In some cases the display portion displays an at least 180° rearwardview rearward of the display device from the driver viewing position. Insome embodiments, the at least 180° rearward view of the environmentrearward of the display device overlaps an at least 180° forward viewfrom the driver viewing position forward of the driver viewing position.In some instances, the at least 180° rearward view of the environmentlateral to and rearward of the display device is seamless. In someembodiments, the at least 180° rearward view of the environment lateralto and rearward of the display device is undistorted. In some cases, thedisplay device is positioned in front of the driver viewing position. Insome embodiments, the at least 180° rearward view rearward of thedisplay device includes a view of the driver of the vehicle. In someinstances, the at least 180° rearward view rearward of the displaydevice includes a portion of the interior of the vehicle.

According to some variants, a method of preventing collisions between avehicle and its surrounds includes attaching a display device to portionof a vehicle in front of a driver viewing position, the display devicehaving a height less than a height of a windscreen of the vehicle and awidth. In some cases, the method includes orienting the display deviceto produce an at least 180° substantially rearward view of theenvironment substantially rearward of the display device from the driverviewing position. In some embodiments, the at least 180° substantiallyrearward view of the environment rearward of the display device and anat least 180° substantially forward view from the driver viewingposition forward of the viewing point together form a 360° driving view.In some cases, the rearward view is undistorted. In some instances, therearward view is seamless. In some embodiments, the display device is aconvex mirror.

A method of creating a seamless 360 degree full awareness drivingenvironment for a driver, can include the steps of: displaying aseamless 180 degree full rearward view in front of the driver at aninterior of a driver's vehicle; blending the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view with a seamless 180 degree full forward view of the driverto form a seamless 360 degree full awareness driving view with respectto the driver; and through the seamless 360 degree full awarenessdriving view, determining an orientation, location, and position of thedriver's vehicle by positioning from the driver's perspective inrelation with one or moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle,such that the driver is able to precisely track and pinpoint theposition and direction of driver's vehicle and the position anddirection of each and every other moving vehicle around the driver'svehicle in order to visually maintain and adjust a driver's vehicleposition and direction properly and safely relative to the positions anddirections of the moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle forsafe driving.

In some embodiments, blending the seamless 180 degree full rearward viewwith a seamless 180 degree full forward view of the driver furthercomprises a step of forming an overlapped vision portion for theseamless 360 degree full awareness driving view when blending theseamless 180 degree full rearward view with the seamless 180 degree fullforward view, such that when the moving vehicle appears at theoverlapped vision portion, the moving vehicle is visible at both of theseamless 180 degree full rearward view and the seamless 180 degree fullforward view.

In some embodiments, displaying a seamless 180 degree full rearward viewfurther comprises a step of defining a left rearward field-of-view, arear rearward field-of-view, and a right rearward field-of-view to formthe seamless 180 degree full rearward view. In some instances, theoverlapped vision portion contains a left overlapped portion formed atan overlapped area between the left rearward field-of-view and a leftforward field-of-view of the seamless 180 degree full forward view, anda right overlapped portion formed at an overlapped area between theright rearward field-of-view and a right forward field-of-view of theseamless 180 degree full forward view.

In some cases, determining an orientation, location, and position of thedriver's vehicle further comprises a step of defining an orientationguideline in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view by a bodystructure of the driver's vehicle for preventing the driver from gettinglost in the seamless 360 degree full awareness driving environment. Insome embodiments, determining an orientation, location, and position ofthe driver's vehicle further comprises a step of defining an orientationguideline in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view by a bodystructure of the driver's vehicle for preventing the driver from gettinglost in the seamless 360 degree full awareness driving environment. Insome instances, determining an orientation, location, and position ofthe driver's vehicle further comprises a step of defining a locationguideline in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view by the bodystructure of the driver's vehicle for identifying each and every movingvehicle's location in the seamless 360 degree full awareness drivingenvironment. In some cases, determining an orientation, location, andposition of the driver's vehicle further comprises a step of defining alocation guideline in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view by thebody structure of the driver's vehicle for identifying each and everymoving vehicle's location in the seamless 360 degree full awarenessdriving environment. In some embodiments, determining an orientation,location, and position of the driver's vehicle further comprises a stepof defining a position guideline in the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view by lane separation lines for pinpointing each and everymoving vehicle's position, including the driver's vehicle positionwithin a known location. In some cases, determining an orientation,location, and position of the driver's vehicle further comprises a stepof defining a position guideline in the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view by lane separation lines for pinpointing each and everymoving vehicle's position, including the driver's vehicle positionwithin a known location.

In some cases, for a car, the orientation guideline and the positionguideline are defined by rear left window, rear windshield, and rearright window displayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view. Insome instances, for a car, the orientation guideline and the positionguideline are defined by rear left window, rear windshield, and rearright window displayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view. Insome cases, for a convertible car with a top rolled down or a pickuptruck, the orientation guideline and the position guideline are definedby rear left and right corners of the vehicle displayed at the seamless180 degree full rearward view. In some embodiments, for a convertiblecar with a top rolled down or a pickup truck, the orientation guidelineand the position guideline are defined by rear left and right corners ofthe vehicle displayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view.

In some embodiments, the seamless 180 degree full rearward view isdisplayed as an image reflected by an interior mirror. In some cases,the seamless 180 degree full rearward view is displayed as an imagereflected by an interior mirror. In some instances, the seamless 180degree full rearward view is displayed as an image reflected by aninterior mirror. In some cases, the interior mirror is a mirror selectedfrom the group consisting of constant radius of curvature convex mirror,multiple radii of curvature convex mirror, aspheric mirror, and mirrorwith curved surfaces, and a U-shape plane mirror formed by one seamlessplane mirror plate. In some embodiments, the interior mirror is a mirrorselected from the group consisting of constant radius of curvatureconvex mirror, multiple radii of curvature convex mirror, asphericmirror, and mirror with curved surfaces, and a U-shape plane mirrorformed by one seamless plane mirror plate.

A visual positioning orientation navigation system for a driver'svehicle can comprise: a display adapted for mounting at an interior ofthe vehicle at a position in front of a driver thereof, the displaydisplaying a seamless 180 degree full rearward view for being viewed bythe driver in the driver's vehicle and for blending with a seamless 180degree full forward view of the driver to form a seamless 360 degreefull awareness driving view with respect to the driver; and a guidancearrangement shown in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view at thedisplay for determining an orientation, location, and position of thedriver's vehicle by positioning from the driver's perspective inrelation with one or moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle;wherein the driver is able to precisely track and pinpoint the positionof driver's vehicle and the position of each and every other movingvehicle around the driver's vehicle in order to visually maintain andadjust a driver's vehicle position properly and safely relative to thepositions of moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle for safedriving.

In some cases, the guidance arrangement contains an overlapped visionportion for the seamless 360 degree full awareness driving view whenblending the seamless 180 degree full rearward view with the seamless180 degree full forward view, such that the overlapped vision portion isadapted for enabling the moving vehicle being visible at both of theseamless 180 degree full rearward view and the seamless 180 degree fullforward view when the moving vehicle appears at the overlapped visionportion. In some instances, the seamless 180 degree full rearward viewis configured to include a left rearward field-of-view, a rearwarddriving perspective field-of-view, and a right rearward field-of-view.In some embodiments, the seamless 180 degree full rearward view isconfigured to include a left rearward field-of-view, a rearward drivingperspective field-of-view, and a right rearward field-of-view, whereinthe overlapped vision portion contains a left overlapped portion formedat an overlapped area between the left rearward driving view and a leftforward driving view of the seamless 180 degree full forward view, and aright overlapped portion formed at an overlapped area between the rightrearward driving view and a right forward driving view of the seamless180 degree full forward view.

In some cases, the guidance arrangement contains an orientationguideline shown in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view as animage of a body structure of the driver's vehicle for preventing thedriver from getting lost in the seamless 360 degree full awarenessdriving environment. In some embodiments, the guidance arrangementcontains an orientation guideline shown in the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view as an image of a body structure of the driver's vehiclefor preventing the driver from getting lost in the seamless 360 degreefull awareness driving environment. In some instances, the guidancearrangement contains a location guideline shown in the seamless 180degree full rearward view as an image of the body structure of thedriver's vehicle for identifying each and every moving vehicle'slocation in the seamless 360 degree full awareness driving environment.

In some embodiments, the guidance arrangement contains a locationguideline shown in the seamless 180 degree full rearward view as animage of the body structure of the driver's vehicle for identifying eachand every moving vehicle's location in the seamless 360 degree fullawareness driving environment. In some cases, the guidance arrangementcontains a position guideline shown in the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view as images of lane separation lines for pinpointing eachand every moving vehicle's position, including the driver's vehicleposition within a known location. In some instances, the guidancearrangement contains a position guideline shown in the seamless 180degree full rearward view as images of lane separation lines forpinpointing each and every moving vehicle's position, including thedriver's vehicle position within a known location.

In some cases, the orientation guideline and the position guideline aredefined by rear left window, rear windshield, and rear right windowdisplayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view. In someembodiments, the orientation guideline and the position guideline aredefined by rear left window, rear windshield, and rear right windowdisplayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view. In someinstances, the orientation guideline and the position guideline aredefined by rear left and right corners of the vehicle displayed at theseamless 180 degree full rearward view.

In some embodiments, the orientation guideline and the positionguideline are defined by rear left and right corners of the vehicledisplayed at the seamless 180 degree full rearward view. In someinstances, the display comprises an interior mirror to display theseamless 180 degree full rearward view as an image reflection. In somecases, the display comprises an interior mirror to display the seamless180 degree full rearward view as an image reflection.

In some instances, the display comprises an interior mirror to displaythe seamless 180 degree full rearward view as an image reflection. Insome cases, the interior mirror is a mirror selected from the groupconsisting of constant radius of curvature convex mirror, multiple radiiof curvature convex mirror, aspheric mirror, and mirror with curvedsurfaces, and a U-shape plane mirror formed by one seamless plane mirrorplate. In some embodiments, the interior mirror is a mirror selectedfrom the group consisting of constant radius of curvature convex mirror,multiple radii of curvature convex mirror, aspheric mirror, and mirrorwith curved surfaces, and a U-shape plane mirror formed by one seamlessplane mirror plate.

In some cases, the interior mirror is a mirror selected from the groupconsisting of constant radius of curvature convex mirror, multiple radiiof curvature convex mirror, aspheric mirror, and mirror with curvedsurfaces, and a U-shape plane mirror formed by one seamless plane mirrorplate. In some embodiments, the display comprises an interior imagecapturer capturing the seamless 180 degree full rearward view in livemanner and a display means for displaying the seamless 180 degree fullrearward view from the interior image capturer. In some instances, thedisplay comprises an interior image capturer capturing the seamless 180degree full rearward view in live manner and a display means fordisplaying the seamless 180 degree full rearward view from the interiorimage capturer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present embodiments willbecome more apparent upon reading the following detailed description andwith reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a visual positioningwith direction orientation navigation system.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a visualpositioning with direction orientation navigation system.

FIG. 2 illustrates a 360 degree full awareness driving view with respectto the driver when a 180 degree full rearward view blends with aseamless 180 degree full forward view of the driver.

FIG. 3 illustrates a map of roadway in relation to the 360 degree fullawareness driving view of FIG. 2, illustrating moving vehicles appearingin an overlapped vision portion of the 360 degree full awareness drivingview.

FIG. 4 illustrates a seamless 180 degree full forward view of the driverin relation to the moving vehicles in the overlapped vision portionillustrated in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 illustrates a 180 degree full rearward view of the driver inrelation to the moving vehicles in the overlapped vision portionillustrated in FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 illustrates another map of a roadway in relation to a 360 degreefull awareness driving view, illustrating an orientation, location, andposition with direction of the driver's vehicle by positioning withdirection from the driver's perspective in relation with one or movingvehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle, and showing a visualpositioning with direction orientation navigation map of the roadwayfrom the driver's perspective.

FIG. 7 illustrates a seamless 180 degree full forward view of the driverin relation to the moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle inFIG. 6.

FIG. 8 illustrates a 180 degree full rearward view of the driver inrelation with the moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle inFIG. 6.

FIG. 9 illustrates another map of roadway in relation to the seamless360 degree full awareness driving view, illustrating the driver vehiclemaking a lane change.

FIG. 10 illustrates the seamless 180 degree full forward view of thedriver in relation to the moving vehicles at the overlapped visionportion in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 illustrates the 180 degree full rearward view of the driver inrelation to the moving vehicles at the overlapped vision portion in FIG.9.

FIG. 12 illustrates another 360 degree full awareness driving view withrespect to the driver of a pickup truck or convertible when a 180 degreefull rearward view blends with a seamless 180 degree full forward viewof the driver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure provides a visualization system for a vehicle(e.g., a visual positioning system which provides directionalorientation). The visual positioning system can include rear view (e.g.,a view in the direction of the rear of the vehicle from a point in frontof the rear of the vehicle) technology. The rear view technology of thepresent disclosure can provide a visual system for a driver of a vehiclethat is advantageous over a multi-mirror-system design. For example, therear view technology of the present disclosure can provide the driver ofthe vehicle a view of the surroundings of the vehicle (e.g., a 360degree view) while minimizing eye distraction which is present with aconventional multi-mirror system.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a visualization system can include a display10. The display 10 can be supported in front of the driver (e.g., infront of the position of the eyes of the driver within the vehicle).According to a preferred embodiment, the display 10 is adapted formounting at an interior of the vehicle 100 at a position in front of andabove the eyes of the driver thereof. In some embodiments, the display10 is adjustably mounted to the interior of the vehicle 100. In someembodiments, the display 10 is mounted below the eyes of the driver.

The display 10 can be mounted via a mounting assembly 11. The mountingassembly 11 can be a detachable rear view mirror clip-on assembly, asshown in FIG. 1. Preferably, the display 10 is located above the eyelevel of the driver when the driver is seated in a driving position ofthe vehicle (e.g., the driver's seat). In some embodiments, the mountingassembly 11 can include a suction cup or other windshield mountdetachably mountable to the windshield of the vehicle 100. In someembodiments, the display 10 can be a replacement of a conventional rearview mirror. For example, the mounting assembly 11 can comprise amounting base mounted at an area of a windshield where a conventionalrear view mirror is mounted. The display 10 can be used in differenttypes of vehicles including, but not limited to, automobiles, trucks,lorries, buses, tractors, forklifts, cranes, backhoes, bulldozers, golfcarts, all-terrain vehicles, other off-road vehicles, motorcycles,bicycles, boats, trains, aircrafts and the like.

The display 10 can display a 180 degree rearward view from theperspective a single viewing point within the vehicle. For example, thedriver of a vehicle can observe a 180 degree rearward view in thedisplay 10 without moving his or her viewing position. In certainembodiments, the display 10 can display a 180 degree rearward view fromthe perspective of a driver viewing position. The driver viewingposition can be defined as the midpoint between a driver's eyes when thedriver of the vehicle is seated in the driver's seat of a vehicle. Insome embodiments, the driver viewing position is laterally (e.g., leftand right with respect to the sides of the vehicle) aligned with acenterline of a steering wheel of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the 180 degree rearward view provided by thedisplay 10 is seamless (e.g., without breaks and/or withoutdistortions). Desirably, the rearward view of the display 10 includes aview of the driver position and, when the driver is sitting in the car,a view of the driver. The display 10 can be positioned in the vehiclesuch that the 180 degree rearward view provided by the display 10 blendswith a 180 degree forward (e.g., toward the front of the vehicle frombehind the front of the vehicle) view of the driver of the vehicle toform the 360 degree driving view (e.g., a seamless 360 degree drivingview in cases where the 180 degree rearward view is seamless) withrespect to the driver. For example, the display 10 can be positioned infront and above the eyes of the driver of the vehicle in which thedisplay 10 is mounted. According to a preferred embodiment, as shown inFIG. 1, the display 10 can be an interior mirror. Examples of mirrorsthat can be used as the display 10 include, but are not limited tonon-planar mirrors such as the constant radius of curvature convexmirrors, multiple radii of curvature convex mirrors, aspheric mirrors,the combination feature of those mirrors, mirrors with curved surfaces,planar mirrors such as the U-shape plane mirror formed by one seamlessplane mirror plate, planar mirrors formed by multiple plane mirrorplates, and/or any combination of non-planar mirrors and planar mirrors.The 180 degree rearward view can be an image reflected on the display10.

The display 10 can have a width greater than 3 inches, greater than 6inches, greater than 10 inches, greater than 20 inches, greater than 36inches, and/or greater than 72 inches. In some embodiments, the display10 have a width less than 6 inches, less than 20 inches, less than 40inches, less than 60 inches, and/or less than 90 inches. In someembodiments, the width of the display 10 is between 4 inches and 85inches. The display 10 can have a height greater than ½ inches, greaterthan 1 inch, greater than 3 inches, greater than 6 inches, and/orgreater than 10 inches. In some embodiments, the display has a heightless than 20 inches, less than 15 inches, less than 12 inches, less than6 inches, and/or less than 2 inches. In some embodiments, the height ofthe display 10 is between 1 inch and 12 inches. In some cases, thedisplay 10 can have a radius of curvature between 5 inches and 600inches. Many variations for the dimensions of the display 10 arepossible.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the vehicle 100, such as a car, can comprise afront windshield 101, left and right side windows, and a rear windshield102. In particular, the left side windows can be further defined as afront left side window 103 and a rear left side window 104. The rightside windows can be further defined as a front right side window 105 anda rear right side window 106.

FIGS. 2, 3 and 6 illustrate a visualization map of a roadway from thedriver's perspective using the display 10. The 180 degree rear view RVof the display 10 can be combined with the 180 degree forward view FV ofthe driver to produce a 360 degree view of the surroundings of thevehicle 100. With respect to the 180 degree forward view, a driverperipheral vision line A is defined and is extended infinitely andlaterally (e.g., in the left and right directions with respect to thevehicle 100) from the driver.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, a left forward field-of-view LF between linesA and P is the driving environment on the left side of the drivervehicle as seen with the naked eye through the front left-side window103 and the front windshield 101 of the vehicle. A right forwardfield-of-view RF between lines A and Q is the driving environment on theright side of the driver vehicle as seen with the naked eye through thefront right-side windows 105 and the front windshield 101 of the drivervehicle. A forward driving perspective view FD between lines P and Q(e.g., the driver's driving lane) is directly in front of the drivervehicle as seen with the naked eye through the front windshield 101 ofthe driver vehicle.

With respect to the 180 degree rearward view, a display viewing angleside line B is defined and is extended infinitely and laterally from thedisplay 10. Using the mirror for the display 10 as an example, thedisplay viewing angle side line B becomes the mirror viewing angle sideline extended infinitely and laterally from the mirror. As illustrated,a left rearward field-of-view LR between lines B and T is the drivingenvironment on the left side of the driver vehicle as seen through therear left-side window 104 of the driver vehicle as an image on thedisplay 10 (e.g., the image reflected in the mirror or generated by arear-facing camera or other optical device). A right rearwardfield-of-view RR between lines B and V is the driving environment on theright side of the driver vehicle as seen through the rear right-sidewindow 106 of the driver vehicle as an image on the display 10. Arearward driving perspective view RD between lines T and V is thedriving environment directly behind the driver vehicle as seen throughthe rear windshield 102 of the driver vehicle as an image on the display10.

For a convertible car with the top rolled down or a pickup truck, theimage of the rear left corner 107 is shown between the left rearwardfield-of-view LR and the rearward driving perspective view RD, and theimage of a rear right corner is shown between the rearward drivingperspective view RD and the right rearward field-of-view RR, as shown inFIG. 12.

When blending the 180 degree full rearward view with the seamless 180degree full forward view, an overlapped vision portion 24 may be formed.For example, an overlapped vision portion 24 can be formed when thedisplay 10 is positioned in front of (e.g., toward the front of thevehicle with respect to) the driver. The overlapped vision portion 24 isthe duplicate field of view defined between the driver peripheral visionline A and the display viewing angle side line B, as shown in FIGS. 2,3, and 6. The overlapped portion 24 can have a depth (e.g., the distancebetween side lines A and B) of at least 2 inches, at least 4 inches, atleast 8 inches, at least 1 foot, and/or at least 1 yard. In someembodiments, the overlapped portion 24 can have a depth less than 3inches, less than 6 inches, less than 1 foot, less than 2 feet, and/orless than 5 feet. The depth of the overlapped portion 24 can be between1 inch and 6 inches, between 2 inches and 8 inches, between 3 inches and1 foot, between 4 inches and 20 inches, between 1 foot and 3 foot,and/or between 6 inches and 4 feet. Many variations for the depth of theoverlapped portion 24 are possible.

At the overlapped vision portion 24 in the 360 degree full awarenessdriving view, the driver is able to see the vehicle 100 at the duplicatefield of view from the 180 degree rearward view and the seamless 180degree forward view. In particular, when moving vehicles 210, 220, 240,250 appear in the overlapped vision portion 24, as shown in FIGS. 3 to5, the moving vehicles 210, 220, 240, 250 are visible in both the 180degree rearward view RV and the seamless 180 degree forward view FV.

According to a preferred embodiment, the overlapped vision portion 24includes a left overlapped portion and a right overlapped portion. Theleft overlapped portion is formed at an overlapped area between the leftrearward field-of-view LR of the 180 degree rearward view and the leftforward field-of-view LF of the seamless 180 degree forward view. Theright overlapped portion is formed at an overlapped area between theright rearward field-of-view RR of the 180 degree rearward view and theright forward field-of-view RF of the seamless 180 degree forward view.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the moving vehicle 210 is visible at the leftforward field-of-view LF. The moving vehicle 210 is also visible at theleft rearward field-of-view LR. However, the images of the movingvehicle at the 180 degree full rearward view and the seamless 180 degreefull forward view are different. For example, the moving vehicle 210will be seen from the front left side window 103 at the image on thedisplay 10 and then from the front left side window 103 by the nakedeyes of the driver.

Before the head (e.g., the front end) of the moving vehicle 210 entersat the overlapped vision portion 24, the driver will only see the movingvehicle 210 at the left rearward field-of-view LR of the seamless 180degree rearward view. When the head of the moving vehicle 210 ispositioned in the overlapped vision portion 24, as shown in FIG. 3, thedriver will see the head of the moving vehicle 210 at the seamless 180degree forward view and the tail (e.g., the rear end) of the movingvehicle 210 at the seamless 180 degree rearward view, as shown in FIGS.4 and 5. When the moving vehicle 210 moves to a point where the tail ofthe moving vehicle 210 passes the overlapped vision portion 24, thedriver will only see the moving vehicle 210 at the seamless 180 degreeforward view. In some embodiments, the overlapped vision portion 24enables the driver to see the same moving vehicle 210 with the naked eyeand through the display 10 at the same time from the driver'sperspective when driving, which creates a seamless 360 degreefield-of-view of the roadway to the driver. In some embodiments, theoverlapped vision portion 24 can help to reduce the likelihood that thedriver gets lost in his driving environment around his car, especiallywhen moving vehicles pass by the driver's vehicle 100.

As explained above, the display 10 can provide a seamless 180-degreerear view which can permit a driver to watch a vehicle as it passes: thedriver can see the passing vehicle in a naked eye 180 degree forwardview before the vehicle leaves the 180 degree rear view of the display10. In some such embodiments, the visualization system, including thedisplay 10, can reduce or eliminate blind spots. The display 10 canreflect or display a seamless 180-degree rearward-view drivingenvironment with direction that complies with the linear-informationprocessing characteristics of the human body senses, as explained inmore detail below. Using the display 10 can reduce or eliminate visualdistortion created by a convex mirror. In some embodiments, using thedisplay 10 reduces or eliminates the multiple rear view mirrors systemsand the standard exterior rear view mirrors technology. In someembodiments, the display allows a driver to see his or her vehicle'sposition and direction from his or her normal driving position insidethe vehicle before seeing the driving environment outside of the vehiclethrough the mirror. Seeing the inside of the vehicle in combination withthe driving environment can provide the driver with orientation bypositioning the objects in the driving environment in contrast to theinside of the vehicle.

The visualization system of the present disclosure can further comprisea guidance arrangement 20. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5,the guidance arrangement 20 can be shown in both the 180 degree rearwardview of the display 10 and in the seamless 180 degree forward view ofthe naked eye of the driver. The guidance arrangement 20 can facilitatedetermining the orientation, location, and position of the driver'svehicle 100 by positioning with direction from the driver's perspectivein relation to one or moving vehicles surrounding the driver's vehicle.

In the 180 degree rearward field of view, the guidance arrangement 20can comprise an automatic orientation guideline 21, an automaticlocation guideline 22, and/or an automatic position with directionguideline 23. The orientation guideline 21 shown in the 180 degree fullrearward view can be image(s) of a body structure of the driver'svehicle. For example, the orientation guideline 21 can correspond withthe windows 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 of the driver's vehicle 100(e.g., the body structure of the vehicle, as embodied as a sedan). Thelocation guideline 22 can correspond to the driving lanes as viewedthrough the windows of the vehicle. The position with directionguideline 23 shown in the 180 degree full rearward view is the images oflane separation lines for pinpointing each and every moving vehicle'sposition with direction, including the driver's vehicle position withina known location.

For a convertible car with the top rolled down or for a pickup truck,the orientation guideline 21 and the location guideline 22 can bedefined by the rear left and right corners 107, 108 of the vehicledisplayed in the 180 degree full rearward view. While driving at night,the driver will see the lights from the moving vehicles at the 360degree full awareness driving view instead of the vehicle images there.

The automatic orientation guideline 21 is arranged for preventing thedriver from getting lost in his driving environment around his car. Theautomatic location guideline 22 is arranged for identifying othervehicles' locations in the 360 degree field-of-view driving environment.The automatic position guideline 23 is arranged for pinpointing eachvehicle's position, including the driver's vehicle position anddirection, allowing the driver's eyes to precisely track and pinpointthe position and direction of his vehicle and the position and directionof other moving vehicles around his vehicle to adjust and maintain thedriver's vehicle position and direction properly and safely relative tothe positions and directions of those vehicles moving surrounding hisvehicle at any given moment. The 360 degree field-of-view provided bythe display 10 and naked eye of the driver, as well as the guidelines21, 22, 23, can reduce distractions for the driver. For example, thedriver can observe the full 360 degree field-of-view while lookingforward through the windshield of the vehicle, reducing the need for thedriver to avert his or her eyes from the road when orienting him orherself with the vehicles and other obstacle surrounding the driver'svehicle. In some embodiments, the guidance arrangement 20 can facilitatealignment of the display 10. For example, the driver can line up thecenter point between the guidance arrangements 20 of the display (e.g.,rearward) view with the center point of the forward view.

Orientation can be defined as the adjustment and maintenance of itselfby an organism in its proper position and direction toward itsenvironment. This is the way in which every organism survives. As anorganism, our body senses its position by determining orientation as aresult of the human body senses to adjust and maintain its position anddirection properly toward its environment in all directions. Complyingwith the orientation determination requirements, adapting to thefunction characteristics of the human body senses, and relying on thedifferential ability of human sight warning of danger intuitively bypositioning for survival to accomplish safe driving is known asorientation navigation by positioning with direction. As drivers, weadjust and maintain our vehicle's position and direction properly towardour driving environment in all directions, including the directionsshown in the rearward-field-of-view-driving-environment shown in thedisplay 10. Adjustment and maintenance of the vehicle's position mayrequire us to see our vehicle's position and direction from our normaldriving position and direction inside the vehicle in the first placebefore we see our driving environment outside the vehicle in alldirections. As a result, it can be advantageous that the rear viewmirror or display 10 be an interior rear view mirror or display.Desirably, the rearward view of the display includes a view of thedriver position and, when the driver is sitting in the car, a view ofthe driver.

A 360 degree field-of-view driving environment can be required fororientation navigation by positioning with direction. The 360 degreefield-of-view driving environment can be created by blending a 180degree rearward field-of-view-driving-environment (e.g., provided by thedisplay 10) with the driver's seamless 180 degree forward field-of-viewdriving environment.

The human body senses rely on the ability to observe differentialpositioning intuitively to avoid from harm. The capability of humansight to differentiate intuitively and properly an object from another,without resolving the precise details of the object, is known as thedifferential capability of human sight. Examples of this capabilityinclude distinguishing far from near without dealing with distance, fastfrom slow without dealing with speed, safety from danger intuitivelywithout thought, and/or left from right and back from front withoutdealing with measurement. The differential capability of human sightholds each object as a frame of reference for another, enabling one tohold different objects as automatic guidelines for other objects. Humansoften rely on the differential capability of human sight holding theposition and direction as an automatic guideline to distinguish “Safetyfrom Danger” in terms of “Safe or Not Safe” to warn of dangerintuitively without thought, without measuring the distance of danger wecannot see due to the persistence-of-vision ability of human sight whendriving. Drivers often rely on the-differential-ability-of-human-sight,holding position and direction as an automatic guideline distinguishing“Safety from Danger” and “Far Enough” from “Too Close” to avoid impact.No matter how steep the stairs are, for example, step by step, fast orslow, you safely get to the top of the stairs without the danger offalling from a misstep, you rely on thethe-differential-ability-of-human-sight distinguishing “Safety fromDanger” in terms of “Safe or Not Safe” warning of danger, instead ofvisually measuring the real height of each stair you cannot see whilewalking due to the persistence-of-vision ability of human sight.

As shown in FIG. 6, a map of the roadway is illustrated as an example todemonstrate the orientation, location, and position of the driver'svehicle by positioning with direction from the driver's perspective.There are vehicles 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 210, 220, 240, 250, 310,320, 330, 340, and 350 positioned surrounding the driver vehicle 100.The automatic orientation guideline 21 through the 360 degree fullawareness driving view can help the driver to determine the orientationof the driver's vehicle 100 in his driving environment around thedriver's vehicle 100.

The automatic location guideline 22 will help the driver for identifyingeach and every vehicle's location in the 360 degree full awarenessdriving view by positioning.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the driver will see two moving vehicles110, 120 at the left forward field-of-view LF, the moving vehicle 130 atthe forward driving perspective view FD, and two moving vehicles 140 atthe right forward field-of-view RF. In addition, four moving vehicles210, 220, 240, 250 are located at the overlapped vision portion 24 thatthe driver is able to see the moving vehicles 210, 220, 240, 250 at theduplicate field of view. In particular, the driver will see the heads ofthe moving vehicles 210, 220, 240, 250 at the seamless 180 degreeforward view.

With respect to the 180 degree rearward view, the driver will see,through the display 10, the moving vehicle 310 and partial movingvehicle 320 at the left rearward field-of-view RF. The driver will see,through the display 10, another partial moving vehicle 320, the movingvehicle 330, and partial moving vehicle 340 at the rearward drivingperspective view RD. The driver will also see, through the display 10,another partial moving vehicle 340 and the moving vehicle 350 at theright rearward field-of-view RR. In other words, all the moving vehicles110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 210, 220, 240, 250, 310, 320, 330, 340, and 350surrounding the driver's vehicle 100 will be seen.

The position guideline 23 can help the driver to pinpoint each vehicle'sposition via the lane separation lines. As shown in FIG. 6, there arefive driving lanes, as an example, and the driver's vehicle 100 islocated in the third driving lane. In fact, the display 10 can covermore than five driving lanes. The lane separation lines can be theposition guideline 23 to pinpoint the moving vehicles 110, 120, 130,140, 150 located at the fifth to first driving lanes respectivelythrough the seamless 180 degree forward view. The lane separation linescan also be the position guideline 23 to pinpoint the moving vehicles310, 320, 330, 340, 350 located at the fifth to first driving lanesrespectively through the 180 degree rearward view. The lane separationlines can also be the position guideline 23 to pinpoint the movingvehicles 210, 220, 240, 250 located at the fifth, fourth, second, andfirst driving lanes respectively through both of the seamless 180 degreeforward view and the 180 degree rearward view. In other words, throughthe 360 degree full awareness driving view, all the moving vehicles 110,120, 130, 140, 150, 210, 220, 240, 250, 310, 320, 330, 340, and 350surrounding the driver's vehicle 100 can be pinpointed at differentdriving lanes.

An example of a safety rule is that it is safe for you to change ormerge to a spot in a driving lane within a side-window of your car, ifno vehicle or other obstacle is in or is moving into that same spot. Itis not safe for you to change or merge if someone/something is in or ismoving into that same spot.

For example, in FIGS. 9 to 11, through the 360 degree full awarenessdriving view, the orientation and location of the driver's vehicle 100is identified to change lanes from the third driving lane to either thefourth or second driving lane. As shown in FIG. 10, the driver can seethe moving vehicle 130, 140, 150 in front of the driver's vehicle 100not moving into the spot the driver wants. However, the driver canobserve, through the display 10, the moving vehicle 350 heading towardto the same spot as the driver wants, as shown in FIG. 11. As a result,it is unsafe for the driver to change lane from the third driving laneto the second driving lane with respect to the moving vehicle 350.

Furthermore, the moving vehicle 310 appears at the left rearwardfield-of-view LR two lanes away from the third diving lane where thedriver's vehicle locates. When the driver sees, through the display 10,the moving vehicle 310 not moving to the fourth lane, it is safe for thedriver to change lane from the third driving lane to the fourth drivinglane. Otherwise, when the driver sees the moving vehicle 310, throughthe display 10, heading toward the fourth driving lane from the fifthdriving lane, as shown in FIG. 11, the moving vehicle 310 may move tothe same spot as the driver wants. As a result, it is unsafe for thedriver to change lane from the third driving lane to the fourth drivinglane with respect to the moving vehicle 310. It is worth mentioning thatthe driver is able to see all the moving vehicles around the driver'svehicle 100 moving from spots to spots through the 360 degree fullawareness driving view.

In some embodiments, the display 10 (e.g., a mirror or convex mirror)displays, from the perspective of the driver viewing position, two lanesto the left of the vehicle in the left rearward field-of-view LR within30 feet rearward of the display 10, within 40 feet rearward of thedisplay 10, within 50 feet rearward of the display, and/or within 20feet rearward of the display 10. In some embodiments, the display 10(e.g., a mirror or convex mirror) displays, from the perspective of thedriver viewing position, two lanes to the right of the vehicle in theright rearward field-of-view RR within 30 feet rearward of the display10, within 40 feet rearward of the display 10, within 50 feet rearwardof the display, and/or within 20 feet rearward of the display 10. Insome embodiments, the display 10 (e.g., a mirror or convex mirror)displays, from the perspective of the driver viewing position, two lanesto the left of the vehicle in the left rearward field-of-view LR within20 feet to 60 feet rearward of the display, within 30 feet to 50 feetrearward of the display 10, and/or within 25 feet to 45 feet rearward ofthe display 10. In some embodiments, the display 10 (e.g., a mirror orconvex mirror) displays, from the perspective of the driver viewingposition, two lanes to the right of the vehicle in the right rearwardfield-of-view RR within 20 feet to 60 feet rearward of the display,within 30 feet to 50 feet rearward of the display 10, and/or within 25feet to 45 feet rearward of the display 10.

Using conventional mirrors, when the driver sees the moving vehicle 110not moving to the fourth lane from the fifth lane, the driver will turnhis or her head for a “shoulder check” to confirm there is no vehicle atthe blind spot of the driver's vehicle before the driver changes thelane. If the vehicle 310 is not moving to the fourth lane, the drivermay think that it is safe to change the lane. However, at the time whenthe driver turns his head for a “shoulder check” to see his or her blindspot, the moving vehicle 110 may simultaneously move to the fourth lane.As a result, the driver 100 will move the driver's vehicle 100 to thefourth lane and may cause a collision with the moving vehicle 110.

In other words, when the head of the driver turns, the driver may losethe forward driving view. Even though it might take only a few secondsto turn the head back and to gain the forward driving view, an accidentmight occur within such a short head turning period of time. In view ofthe present disclosure, the driver is not required to turn his or herhead for a shoulder check because the driver can see the 360 degree fullawareness driving view in front of the driver.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation systemimmerses the driver in a 360-degrees-full-awareness-driving-environmentby positioning at any given moment. For example, the navigation systemcan permit a driver to look between the 180 degree forward view and the180 degree rearward view in only a fraction of a second (e.g., in lessthan the time of one blink of an eye). In some cases, rapid transitionbetween the forward view and the rearward view can enable the driver toperceive, decide and take action for safe driving to avoid crashes. Itis noted that the vision solution to the driver of the presentdisclosure reduces or eliminates the vision impairments (e.g., blindspots) and the eye distractions (e.g., significant eye movement betweenthe forward and rearward views which may necessitate refocusing of thedriver's eyes) for the driver which create the eye distractions solutionto the driver, while seeing the causes of crashes all at the same timeat any given moment during driving. When that happens, the driver wouldtake action to alter the effect, and avoid crashes intuitively andwithout thought in the first place as a result of the differentialcapability of human sight. Orientation and the function of the humanbody senses for survival do not enter into the conventional safe drivingconcept and rear view technology at all.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation systemtranslates the artificial driving environment reflected in the rear viewmirror (e.g., the display 10) into the driver's real-world drivingenvironment complying with the definition of orientation and adapting tothe function of the human body senses for survival, which can ensurethat drivers can use the rear view mirror system effectively, safely andtimely for safe driving. Like the artificial driving environment imageof a movie that is flashed on a screen, to the human body senses forsurvival under orientation, the driving environment reflected in therear view mirror accounts for an artificial driving environment to thefunction of the human body senses for survival under orientation becausethe driver is not physically present in the mirror's view drivingenvironment that defies the orientation determination requirements andworks against the function of the human body senses for survival wherethe human body senses cannot respond intuitively when driving. The180-degree rearward field-of-view driving environment displayed in thedisplay 10 of the present disclosure teaches a field-of-view drivingenvironment common to the driver's seamless 180-degree full forwardfield-of-view. The rearward field-of-view driving environment in themirror automatically extends into the area of the driver's vision in thedriver's forward field-of-view which naturally duplicates the same scenein the diver's forward field-of-view, which enables the driver to seethe same vehicle with the naked eye and through the display 10. In someembodiments, synchronizing the forward and rearward views as describedabove complies with the definition of orientation and adapts thefunction of the human body senses for survival. The same road scene ofthe field-of-view driving environment duplicated by the mirror's viewand the driver's vision translates the rearward field-of-view drivingenvironment reflected in the mirror's view into the driver's real-worlddriving environment which creates a 360 degree full field-of-viewdriving environment from the driver's perspective when driving.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system canreduce or eliminate the misconception of the distance judgmentcapability of human sight for safe driving by distancing based ondescription and prediction of the laws of physics which the drivercannot see and measure with the naked eye or through any kind of mirrorwhen driving. The image on the retina of the eye must come to rest from1/50 to 1/25 of a second, depending on the brightness of the image,regardless of the size of the image. This after-image proves that theimage distance of a moving vehicle we see with the naked eye or throughany kind of display device is not the current distance of the movingvehicle but the distance 1/50 to 1/25 of a second earlier.

The retina continues to perceive an image after the object of the imagehas been removed. The ability of the eye to retain an image is known aspersistence-of-vision. Peter Mark Roget, the author of the famous RogetThesaurus, discovered this afterimage. While images are transmittedcontinuously and rapidly enough on the retina, our eyes retain eachimage long enough to build up a constant overlap and give us theillusion of continuous motion in conflict with what is seen and felt,which enables us to enjoy movies and television. It is because ofpersistence-of-vision we are unable to separate clearly and completely aseries of rapidly changing images with the naked eye or through amirror. For example, a movie consists of a rapid series of stillpictures that are flashed on a screen, with about 1/60 of a second ofcomplete darkness after each image. But persistence-of-vision fills inthe dark moment mixing each picture perfectly with the one that wentbefore to create the illusion of continuous motion.Persistence-of-vision accounts for our failure to notice the dark momentthat come after each image of a motion picture.

On the other hand, while the eyes are in motion, they cannot see anobject clearly. For example, the eyes are unable to separate clearly andcompletely the individual cross-ties firmly planted on the groundunderneath in a running train by failing to see the distance between thecross-ties, which accounts for the eyes in motion in a running train ormoving vehicle. In addition, our eyes are unable to see the precisedetails of a swiftly moving object. For example, a television image isjust one bright, little dot, which sweeps the screen fast enough so thatour eyes retain the images long enough to build up a complete picture.Your eyes are unable to separate, clearly and completely, the individualspokes of a running bicycle wheel, which accounts for your failure tonotice each distance between the spokes of the running bicycle wheel.Thus, your eyes are unable to see clearly and completely the currentdistance of a running bicycle that you cannot measure by the naked eyeor through any kind of mirror, because the closing distance of therunning bicycle that you see is built up by a series of spoke distancesof the running bicycle wheels in rapid succession.

When car wheels turn faster than bicycle wheels, we are unable to seethe current distance of a swiftly moving vehicle. A moving vehicle runsover every inch, even every fraction of an inch in rapid succession ofthe distance traveled, where each inch corresponds to an individualdistance in a series of rapidly changing images. At 65 mph, forinstance, it is 1,144 inches per second and 1/25 of a second,corresponds to a distance consisting of a series of 46 individual inchesin rapid succession, not to mention a fraction of an inch in rapidsuccession of the distance traveled. Your eyes retain each image of theindividual inches long enough to fail to notice the next consecutive 46individual inches that come after 1/25 of a second, which creates ablind spot you did not know exists that increases your reaction time.You would drive over 46 inches at 65 mph before you ever saw the dangerin front of you 1/25 of a second ago.

As explained above, we cannot see the complete darkness after each imageof a movie in 1/60 of a second, or each frame of the movie would be seenas independent, distinct, and still pictures. At 65 mph, 1/60 of asecond corresponds to a distance consisting of a series of 19 individualinches in rapid succession. Your eyes retain each image of the 19individual inches long enough to fail to notice the next 18 individualinches that come after 1/60 of a second, which creates a blind spot youdo not even know exists that increases your reaction time. You woulddrive over 18 inches in 1/60 of a second before you ever saw the dangerin front of you. At times, for instance, cars seem to appear fromnowhere. Similarly, each corresponding number of the magnitude of theindividual inches of distance the car traveled as seen on the odometerof your car would overlap and run together that is not countable by thenaked eye, if the numbers on the odometer were to indicate inchesindicating the current distance of moving vehicles. In order to shun theillusions produced by persistence-of-vision, consequently the numbers onthe existing odometer indicate miles (kilometers) rather than inches(centimeters), which indicate only the distance the car traveled, butnot the current distance of the moving car. It shows that to use thenaked eye to measure the current distance of the moving vehicle for safedriving is to use persistence-of-vision to produce illusions in conflictwith what is seen and felt to measure the distance the human eye cannotsee when driving. It further shows that to use the image distance of themoving vehicle formed in any kind of mirror, including the plane mirror,to measure the current distance of the moving vehicle is to usepersistence-of-vision to produce illusions in conflict with what is seenand felt to measure the distance the human eye cannot see through anykind of rear view mirror when driving. The persistence-of-visioncharacteristic of the human eye does not enter into the conventionalsafe driving concept and rearview technology at all.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system canreduce or eliminate the misinterpretation of the definition of distanceunder the conventional safe driving concept by distancing forcingdrivers to visually measure the distance they cannot see with the nakedeye when driving. Distance is defined as the extent or amount of spacebetween two things, two lines, two points, two surfaces, etc.Accordingly, as a driver, the distance between your vehicle at the backand another vehicle in the front is the distance from the surface of thefront bumper of your vehicle to the surface of the rear bumper of theother vehicle. The distance between your vehicle in the front and theother vehicle at the back is the distance from the surface of the rearbumper of your vehicle to the surface of the front bumper of the othervehicle. The distance between your vehicle and another vehicle on theleft side of your vehicle is the distance from the surface of the leftoutside of your vehicle to the surface of the right outside of the othervehicle. And the distance between your vehicle and another vehicle onthe right side of your vehicle is the distance from the surface of theright outside of your vehicle to the surface of the left outside of theother vehicle. However, you can never see the front bumper, rear bumper,left outside and right outside of your vehicle from your normal drivingposition and direction inside your vehicle, including physically turningyour head and looking over your shoulder. That is, you can never see thedistance between your vehicle and other moving vehicles around yourvehicle that you cannot measure when driving. It is proven that theconventional safe driving concept by distancing forces drivers tovisually measure the distance between two things (let's say twovehicles) by seeing only one of them against the definition of distanceand beyond the capabilities of human sight.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system canreduce or eliminate the misinterpretation and misuse of thecharacteristics of the image distance of a vehicle formed in the planemirror to measure the distance between a vehicle and the driver'svehicle through the plane mirror in order to comply with the distancejudgment capabilities of human sight requirements under the conventionalsafe driving concept and rear view technology based on the laws ofphysics when driving. According to the characteristics of the imagedistance of an object formed by the plane mirror based on the laws ofphysics, the image distance of an object behind the plane mirror fromthe image to the surface of the mirror is equal to the object distancein front of the plane mirror from the object to the surface of themirror. Accordingly, the image distance of a vehicle that you seethrough the plane rear view mirror in your vehicle is equal to thedistance between the surface of the mirror and the vehicle but not thedistance between your vehicle in the front and the vehicle at the backfrom the surface of the rear bumper of your vehicle to the surface ofthe front bumper of the vehicle at the back. In addition, you cannot seethe rear bumper of your vehicle through the plane mirror in yourvehicle, including the plane interior and exterior mirrors. Moreover,the driver cannot see the real distance between his vehicle and themoving vehicle around his vehicle through the plane mirror due toillusions produced by the persistence-of-vision characteristics of theeye when driving. If we were able to see the current distance of movingvehicles through a plane mirror when driving, we would have seen eachdistance of the fast, bright, little dot sweeping on the televisionscreen, the television image would be seen as just one bright, littledot through the plane mirror. We would have seen the complete darknessafter each image of a movie frame, each frame of the movie would be seenas independent, distinct, and still pictures through the plane mirror.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system canreduce or eliminate the multi-mirror-system rear view technology basedon the description and prediction of the laws of physics. More mirrorsachieve greater field of view which meets the driver vision enhancementrequirements based on description and prediction of the laws of physics.Characteristically, the human body senses process information linearly.That is why we cannot concentrate on two distinct tasks at one time. Nomatter how well we adjust and align all multiple rear view mirrors, oureyes are incapable of focusing on multiple distinct mirrors at multiplelocations in multiple directions at one time. Simply, human sight cansee only one single mirror at one location in one direction at a time.Whatever the combination feature of the views the multi-mirror-systemrear view technology promised, a driver cannot benefit from it blinded.The multi-mirror-system design and performance rear view technologyleaves blind spots in the driver's rearward field-of-view that shattersthe 180-degree rearward field-of-view. In addition, head turns checkingfor blind spots left by the multi-mirror-system and glance durationcreated by checking multiple mirrors that take the driver's eyes off ofthe road ahead create a new blind spot in the driver's forwardfield-of-view. The blind spot in the driver's forward field-of-view canshatter the driver's existing seamless 180-degree forward filed-of-view,resulting in blind spots. Glance duration, head turning, and/or blindspots can become permanent vision impairments and eye distractions tothe driver that can inhibit or prevent creation of the 360-degree fullfield-of-view driving environment. The linear-information-processingcharacteristic of the human body senses does not enter into theconventional safe driving concept and rear view technology at all.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system caneliminate standard exterior mirror design. Drivers are keenly aware ofthe effects of spatial disorientation from getting lost in theirmirror's view, if they cannot see their vehicle's position and directionappearing in their rear view mirror, including the plane mirror and theconvex mirror for determining orientation when driving. Orientationrequires us to see our vehicle's position and direction from our normaldriving position inside the vehicle in the first place before we see ourdriving environment outside the vehicle. On the contrary, drivers usingstandard mirrors have to determine their orientation from their drivingenvironment reflected in their exterior mirrors outside the vehicletoward their driving position and direction.

The visual positioning with direction orientation navigation system caneliminate the exterior mirrors on the vehicle. Eliminating the externalmirrors can reduce the oil consumed by vehicles. Reducing oilconsumption can reduce some of the environmental impacts of oilconsumption, such as global warming and increased arable land use forroadways and parking space. Eliminating the exterior mirrors byimmersing the driver in a 360-degrees-awareness driving environment bypositioning would decrease the wind resistance and weight of the vehiclethat substantially and automatically decreases fuel consumption, andreduces greenhouse gas emissions CO₂ and downgrades global warming. Insome cases, eliminating external mirrors can reduce the width of thevehicle's body, which can greatly decrease roadways and parking spacesland use, reducing competition between vehicles and crops for farmland.

The visualization system of the present disclosure can permit a driverto see whether something is in a specific location (e.g., spot) or not,from a quick glance in a fraction of a second. More particularly, thevisualization system of the present disclosure can permit a driver tosee whether an obstacle (e.g., vehicle) is in or is moving into the samespot the driver wants in that lane in a multiple lanes drivingenvironment around the driver's vehicle within that window (e.g., thefront window, the left-side-windows, or the rear window or theright-side-windows) of the driver's vehicle from a quick glance at themirror of the present disclosure in less time than a half of a second.Quick observation of the obstacles surrounding the driver's vehicle canallow the driver to precisely track and pinpoint the position anddirection of his or her vehicle visually and the position and directionof other moving vehicles around the driver's vehicle in order to adjustand maintain the driver's vehicle position and direction properly andsafely relative to the positions and directions of those other vehicles.

FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of the display 10′, wherein thedisplay 10′ comprises an interior image capturing device 101′ capturingthe 180 degree rearward view in live manner. The display 10′ can includea display 102′ for displaying the 180 degree rearward view from theinterior image capturing device 101′. The image capturing device 101′can comprise a camera installed at the interior of the vehicle andadapted to capture the 180 degree rearward view in live manner. In someembodiments, the image capturing device 101′ is positioned behind or inline with the driver of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the imagecapturing device 101′ is positioned in front of the driver. The displaymeans 102′ can comprise a LED, LCD, or other screen for displaying the180 degree rearward view captured by the interior image capturing device101′. The display 102′ can also be a projector for projecting the 180degree rearward view from the interior image capturing device 101′ ontothe front windshield of the vehicle.

In some instances, drivers do not trust electronic instrumentation forfear of system failures. For example, a driver may not fully trust acamera-monitor system for visualizing the surroundings of a vehicle.Drivers' fear is often based on the knowledge that one cannot know if anelectronic system fails until it has already failed. In some cases,electronic warning systems and/or camera systems can require signalprocessing time (e.g., 1-2 seconds) which can create warning delays andcan create dangerous information delays for the driver of a vehicle. Forexample, a vehicle traveling at 65 miles per hour will travelapproximately 190 feet in 2 seconds. Thus, a warning delay of 2 secondscan present a potentially dangerous situation for a driver driving avehicle at high speeds.

In some cases, it can be advantageous to use a display 10 that is amirror (e.g., a convex mirror). Such a mirror system may reduce thelikelihood that the driver of the vehicle loses trust in thevisualization system.

Although the visualization systems have been disclosed in the context ofcertain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that the present disclosure extends beyond thespecifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodimentsand/or uses of the visualization systems and obvious modifications andequivalents thereof. In addition, while a number of variations of thevisualization system have been shown and described in detail, othermodifications, which are within the scope of this disclosure, will bereadily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon thisdisclosure. It is also contemplated that various combinations orsub-combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodimentsmay be made and still fall within the scope of the disclosure.Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspectsof the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for oneanother in order to form varying modes of the disclosed visualizationsystems. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present disclosureherein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosedembodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fairreading of the claims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of creating a seamless 360 degree fullfield-of-view driving environment, comprising the steps of: using amirror to display a seamless 180 degree full rearward field-of-viewcommon to a driver's seamless 180 degree full forward field-of-view; andduplicating a same road scene through a front-end of a left-side windowof the driver's car and through a front-end of a right-side window ofthe driver's car; wherein the duplicated same road scene allows thedriver to see a vehicle with the naked eye and through the mirror at thesame time.